Tools & Templates
The tools and templates collected here are artifacts of practice. They reflect ways I’ve learned to make complex project systems more legible, to reason under constraint, and to preserve shared reality over time.
They are not best practices, and they are not prescriptions. Each tool represents one way of thinking through a recurring problem in real work. Used well, they support interpretation and judgment. Used poorly, they can easily become performative or coercive. Context, as always, matters.
Tools
Tools are interpretive instruments that help practitioners see, name, and reason about system dynamics that are otherwise easy to misdiagnose or overlook.
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What this helps with
The Condition vs. Pattern Mapping helps distinguish between structural inputs that shape behavior and the patterns that emerge in response over time.
It prevents misdiagnosis by separating what the system is set up to do from what people learn to do within it.What it is not
This is not a root cause analysis.
It is not a causal proof exercise.
It is not a diagnostic scorecard.
It does not assign fault or predict outcomes.
Used incorrectly, it becomes a theory-building exercise. Used well, it becomes a discipline of observation.Boundary reminder
This tool supports interpretation and judgment. It does not determine which conditions must change or how.
Action depends on authority, feasibility, and risk.How I’ve used it
I use this mapping when behavior is being explained primarily through intent, capability, or communication, and those explanations no longer fit.
Separating conditions from patterns often reveals that people are adapting rationally to the environment they are in, even when the resulting outcomes are undesirable.What it captures
At a minimum, the mapping records:observed behavior or outcomes,
suspected structural conditions,
evidence those conditions exist,
and patterns that repeat across time.
Including who adapts, what is rewarded, and what is discouraged helps make system learning visible without attributing motive.
When it tends to help
This tool is most useful when:similar issues recur despite different people or teams,
behavior shifts under pressure without explicit instruction,
explanations rely heavily on “culture” or “mindset,”
or improvement efforts focus on people rather than structure.
It is especially helpful in complex, cross-functional, or inherited systems.
Relationship to the Project Systems Framework
The distinction between conditions and patterns sits at the core of the framework.
Conditions shape behavior, and patterns emerge as rational adaptations to those conditions. This mapping makes that relationship explicit without collapsing it into causality or prescription. -
What this helps with
The Authority–Accountability Map helps make visible where responsibility for outcomes exceeds the authority required to achieve them.
It clarifies how decision rights, ownership, and expectations are distributed in practice, not just on paper.What it is not
This is not a role clarity exercise.
It is not an org chart.
It is not a governance model.
It does not assign authority or redefine accountability.
Used incorrectly, it becomes a negotiation tactic. Used well, it becomes a boundary reference.Boundary reminder
This tool supports interpretation and boundary clarity. It does not grant authority or compel alignment.
What happens after misalignment is identified depends on leadership intent, risk tolerance, and organizational reality.How I’ve used it
I use this map when PMs are held accountable for outcomes they cannot meaningfully influence, or when decision-making feels diffuse despite clear ownership language.
Mapping authority alongside accountability often reveals that expectations are coherent, but power is not.What it captures
At a minimum, the map records:areas of accountability,
where decision authority actually resides,
where authority is implicit, shared, or time-bound,
and where work proceeds despite unresolved ownership.
The goal is not precision, but visibility.
When it tends to help
This tool is most useful when:escalation feels frequent but ineffective,
decisions require many approvals but no clear owner,
accountability is enforced without corresponding authority,
or PMs are expected to “drive” outcomes without levers.
It is especially helpful in matrixed, portfolio, or vendor-heavy environments.
Relationship to the Project Systems Framework
Authority–accountability misalignment sits at the core of system degradation.
When responsibility flows without authority, work compensates through delay, workarounds, or risk redistribution. This map makes those dynamics legible without assigning blame. -
What this helps with
The Escalation Cost Inventory helps make visible the costs introduced by escalation itself, not just the issue that prompted it.
It captures how time, attention, risk, and effort are redistributed once escalation enters the system.What it is not
This is not a critique of escalation decisions.
It is not a deterrent to raising concerns.
It is not a performance measure.
It does not assume escalation is avoidable or wrong.
Used incorrectly, it becomes a discouragement tool. Used well, it becomes a realism check.Boundary reminder
This tool supports interpretation and judgment. It does not argue for or against escalation.
Whether escalation is appropriate depends on context, authority, and consequence.How I’ve used it
I use this inventory when escalation is frequent, expected, or formally encouraged, yet outcomes do not improve proportionally.
Tracking escalation over time often reveals that while issues move upward, costs move outward, absorbed by teams, schedules, or relationships.What it captures
At a minimum, the inventory records:what was escalated,
what triggered escalation,
where it went,
what response occurred,
and what costs were introduced as a result.
Separating direct costs from indirect or deferred costs prevents escalation from being treated as free or neutral.
When it tends to help
This tool is most useful when:escalation is treated as the primary problem-solving mechanism,
issues recur despite repeated escalation,
leaders believe escalation is resolving uncertainty,
or teams hesitate to escalate without being able to explain why.
It is particularly useful in hierarchical, matrixed, or risk-averse environments.
Relationship to the Project Systems Framework
Escalation is a critical moment that teaches the system what happens when concerns are raised.
When escalation carries unexamined cost, systems adapt by delaying, buffering, or avoiding it. This inventory makes those dynamics visible without discouraging professional judgment. -
What this helps with
The Ambiguity Classification Worksheet helps distinguish between ambiguity that enables judgment and ambiguity that quietly degrades outcomes.
It makes uncertainty explicit so it can be understood as signal, rather than treated reflexively as a problem to eliminate.What it is not
This is not a demand for clarity.
It is not a requirements checklist.
It is not a forcing function for decisions.
It does not assume ambiguity is failure.
Used incorrectly, it becomes a premature simplification. Used well, it becomes a diagnostic lens.Boundary reminder
This tool supports interpretation and judgment. It does not determine whether ambiguity should be resolved.
That choice depends on context, authority, timing, and consequence.Ambiguity Classification Worksheet
How I’ve used it
I use this worksheet when work feels stalled, tense, or oddly cautious, and the stated cause is “lack of clarity.”
Classifying ambiguity often reveals that some uncertainty is doing useful work, while other forms are masking decision avoidance, power asymmetry, or misaligned incentives.What it captures
At a minimum, the worksheet records:what is ambiguous,
where that ambiguity shows up,
why it exists,
how the system responds to it,
and who bears the impact.
Separating when ambiguity helps from when it harms prevents false binaries and supports more accurate judgment.
When it tends to help
This tool is most useful when:teams request clarity but cannot agree on what kind,
decisions feel blocked without an obvious owner,
exploration and delivery are conflated,
or uncertainty persists longer than its original purpose.
It is especially helpful in discovery-heavy, cross-functional, or politically complex environments.
Relationship to the Project Systems Framework
Ambiguity interacts with every pillar of the framework.
Unexamined ambiguity can train systems toward delay or risk avoidance, while intentional ambiguity can preserve learning and local judgment. This worksheet helps tell the difference without forcing resolution.
Templates
Templates are structural containers that help practitioners consistently capture, preserve, and revisit information so patterns and constraints remain legible over time.
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What this helps with
The Decision Latency Log helps make visible how long decisions actually take once they enter the system, and where work absorbs the cost of waiting.
It focuses on elapsed time and impact, not on who is “holding things up.”What it is not
This is not a performance metric.
It is not a tool for pressuring decision-makers.
It does not prescribe escalation paths or timelines.
Used incorrectly, it becomes a scorecard. Used well, it becomes a mirror.Boundary reminder
This tool supports interpretation and judgment. It does not determine action.
What happens after decision latency becomes visible depends on context, authority, risk, and consequence.How I’ve used it
I use this tool when progress appears steady but delivery predictability erodes, or when teams are working hard yet outcomes drift. Tracking decision latency over time often reveals that accountability exists, but authority or availability does not.
The value is not in accelerating decisions directly. It’s in making the decision environment legible.What it captures
At a minimum, the log records:the decision needed,
when it was first surfaced,
when it was resolved (if it was),
and what work continued or changed while waiting.
Over time, patterns emerge: where decisions queue, which forums resolve them, and where risk quietly accumulates.
When it tends to help
This tool is most useful when:teams continue working despite unresolved decisions,
risks surface late without clear cause,
leaders believe decisions are being made promptly,
or escalation feels frequent but ineffective.
It is particularly helpful in matrixed or portfolio-heavy environments.
Relationship to the Project Systems Framework
Decision latency sits at the intersection of accountability and interaction design. It reflects how responsibility, authority, and forums actually operate together.
Long or uneven latency is rarely a personal failure. It is usually a system property. -
What this helps with
The Constraint Absorption Log helps make visible where structural limits are being quietly absorbed by people, teams, or schedules in order to keep work moving.
It focuses on how constraints are handled in practice, not whether they were escalated or resolved.What it is not
This is not a risk register.
It is not a performance critique.
It is not a justification for missed outcomes.
It does not prescribe escalation or remediation.
Used incorrectly, it becomes a complaint log. Used well, it becomes a record of system pressure.Boundary reminder
This tool supports interpretation and judgment. It does not determine action.
What happens after constraints become visible depends on authority, tradeoff appetite, and organizational reality.How I’ve used it
I use this tool when teams are compensating in order to maintain momentum: working around missing inputs, absorbing vendor delays, deferring quality, or redistributing effort without explicit decision.
Over time, the log reveals where the system relies on compensation instead of choice.What it captures
At a minimum, the log records:the constraint encountered,
where it originates,
how the work adapts to absorb it,
and what cost is incurred as a result.
What matters is not the presence of constraints, but who pays for them and how long that payment continues unnoticed.
When it tends to help
This tool is most useful when:work continues despite known limits,
delivery holds but at increasing cost,
teams normalize overtime, rework, or scope erosion,
or leadership believes constraints are “managed” because outcomes haven’t failed yet.
It is especially useful in environments where resilience is valued but tradeoffs are rarely named.
Relationship to the Project Systems Framework
Constraint absorption sits at the intersection of limits, accountability, and learned behavior.
When constraints remain invisible, systems teach people to compensate rather than surface tradeoffs. Over time, this shifts risk downward and delays meaningful choice. -
What this helps with
The Program Systems Record provides a quiet, longitudinal view of how a program’s system behaves over time.
It preserves context across phases, leadership changes, and organizational memory loss, making patterns visible that are otherwise only recognized in hindsight.What it is not
This is not a status report.
It is not a postmortem.
It is not an audit or performance record.
It is not a substitute for decision-making.
Used incorrectly, it becomes retrospective justification. Used well, it becomes institutional memory.Boundary reminder
This record supports interpretation and continuity. It does not require action.
Its value lies in preservation and legibility, not intervention.How I’ve used it
I use this record on long-running programs where work spans multiple phases, sponsors, or organizational shifts.
It allows observations, constraints, and patterns to accumulate without forcing synthesis too early or escalation prematurely.The record often becomes most valuable when someone new asks, “How did we get here?”
What it captures
Over time, the record holds:snapshots of program context and stated intent,
linked observational tools (decision latency, constraint absorption, authority–accountability),
dated observations of changes, repetitions, or tensions,
and emerging patterns that only become clear across time.
Gaps are acceptable. Silence is data.
When it tends to help
This record is most useful when:programs outlast roles or reporting lines,
leadership changes midstream,
decisions and tradeoffs accumulate without shared memory,
or outcomes degrade without a clear moment of failure.
It is particularly valuable in complex, multi-year, or cross-portfolio work.
Relationship to the Project Systems Framework
The Program Systems Record integrates all five pillars over time.
It makes visible how conditions shape behavior, how accountability flows, how critical moments teach the system, how interactions function, and how limits are absorbed or surfaced as work unfolds.
None of these tools guarantees better outcomes. They do not replace authority or resolve power asymmetry. They make ambiguity, limits, and tradeoffs more legible so they can be understood and discussed.
What they can do is help surface what is actually happening: where decisions stall, where risk accumulates, where responsibility exceeds control, and where effort is compensating for structural limits. That clarity is often enough to change how a situation is understood, even when it cannot be changed.
Used selectively, these tools help practitioners stay oriented to the system they are in, rather than the one they wish they were in.